Biblical Geography
Published: Oct 17, 2018
Studying the geography of the Bible in the Land of Israel may sound like an impossible dream, but now you can delve into the subject right where you are, even if you live on a different continent! The video lectures for this course were filmed at various locations all over Israel, taking you into the Bible’s own environment and helping you better understand the worldview of the people of ancient Israel that was impacted by a unique climate, geography, and physical topography of the Land.
Total course time: 2 hours and 33 minutes
- 115:53Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 1: Introduction
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg introduces the two main sub-disciplines of geography: physical geography, which includes fields like geology and hydrology, and human geography, which covers areas like geopolitics and historical geography. He explains that biblical geography is a specific branch of historical geography that studies the land and environment of the Bible, focusing on how the physical landscape influenced key events. Dr. Gyllenberg provides an overview of the Levant region, breaking it down into its topographical features, such as the coastal plains, mountain ranges, and the Rift Valley, while highlighting significant rivers and valleys mentioned in the Bible. This foundational episode sets the stage for exploring how geography shapes the biblical narrative. - 29:24Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 2: Geography of the Patriarchs
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg begins mapping biblical events onto the physical landscape, starting with the stories of the patriarchs—Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. He explains how scholars identify biblical locations, using tools such as ancient place names, military campaigns, and archaeological evidence. Dr. Gyllenberg focuses on locations like Jericho, Hebron, and Jerusalem, examining their historical and biblical significance. He also discusses the challenges of pinpointing sites like Sodom and Gomorrah, where both tradition and archaeology offer varying insights. This episode provides a foundational approach to understanding the geography of key biblical events. - 312:17Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 3: Geography of the Exodus
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg discusses the historical debate surrounding the location of Mount Sinai, diving into the challenges of identifying biblical sites. He explains how early Christian monks in the 3rd century CE believed they had identified Mount Sinai, leading to the establishment of St. Catherine's Monastery. Dr. Gyllenberg examines the scriptural clues about the Israelites' journey through the wilderness, including the possible locations of the Red Sea and Mount Sinai, using Numbers 33 as a guide. He also addresses the limitations of archaeological evidence, highlighting the complexities of ancient name preservation and the interpretation of temporary encampments. - 49:50Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 4: Geography of the Conquest
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg highlights the crucial role that geography plays in understanding the Bible and its events. He explains how the climate, topography, and physical features of the land influenced key biblical narratives and the unfolding of God's miracles. Dr. Gyllenberg introduces the course structure, outlining how the lessons will explore the historical and geographical framework of the land of the Bible, covering key events from Abraham to Jesus. This foundational episode sets the stage for the journey into the geographical context of biblical stories. - 511:02Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 5: Geography of Israelite Settlement in the Land
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg examines the geography related to the settlement of the tribes of Israel and the renewal of their covenant with God. He discusses the significance of Shechem, where the Israelites renewed their covenant, and the division of the land between the tribes at Shiloh. Dr. Gyllenberg highlights the key battles and unclaimed territories at the end of Joshua's warfare, explaining how the Israelites settled primarily in the hill country but not along the coast or in the valleys. This episode offers insights into the archaeological findings that reflect early Israelite settlement patterns and their unique material culture. - 610:59Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 6: Geography of the Judges
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg examines the geography of some of the key stories in the Book of Judges, focusing on the leaders Deborah, Gideon, and Samson. He explores the significance of locations such as Mount Tabor, the Jezreel Valley, and the Soak Valley, which played a crucial role in Israel’s military history. Dr.Gyllenberg also discusses the migration of the tribe of Dan, highlighting their eventual settlement in the north at Laish, which became the city of Dan. This episode connects biblical narratives with archaeological insights to enhance the understanding of these key events in Israel’s history. - 710:58Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 7: Geography of the United Kingdom: Samuel, Saul, David and Solomon
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg explores the geography of Israel during the time of Samuel, Saul, David, and Solomon. He examines the critical role geography played in the military conflicts with the Philistines and other surrounding nations, highlighting key locations such as Shiloh, the Elah Valley, and Mount Gilboa. Dr. Gyllenberg also traces the rise of the Israelite monarchy, from Saul’s early struggles to David’s establishment of Jerusalem as the capital, and Solomon’s expansion of Israel’s borders. This episode provides a detailed look at how Israel transformed from a loose confederation of tribes into a powerful kingdom. - 812:18Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 8: Divided Monarchy : The Northern Kingdom up until the Assyrian captivity
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg focuses on the history and geography of the Northern Kingdom of Israel after its separation from the Southern Kingdom of Judah. He examines the capitals of the Northern Kingdom, including Shechem, Penuel, and Samaria, and the establishment of royal cult centers in Bethel and Dan to rival Jerusalem. Dr. Gyllenberg also discusses the political alliances and battles that shaped the Northern Kingdom’s history, as well as its conflicts with neighboring states like Aram, Moab, and Assyria. This episode provides insights into the public works, fortifications, and religious practices of the Northern Kingdom during this turbulent period. - 99:26Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 9: Divided Monarchy : The Southern Kingdom up until the Assyrian captivity
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg shifts focus to the Southern Kingdom of Judah, examining its geography and historical development after the split from the Northern Kingdom. He traces Judah’s key cities, fortifications, and significant battles, particularly against Egypt, Edom, and the Philistines. Dr. Gyllenberg highlights the reigns of kings such as Rehoboam, Asa, and Jehoshaphat, explaining how the kingdom's borders expanded and contracted during their rule. This episode provides a detailed overview of Judah’s military, political, and spiritual challenges, setting the stage for future conflict with the Assyrians. - 1011:20Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 10: Judah from the fall of the Northern Kingdom to the Babylonian Conquest
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg traces the history of Judah during the period of Assyrian domination, focusing on the reign of King Hezekiah. He explores how Hezekiah rebelled against Assyria, forming alliances with neighboring kingdoms and Egypt, only to face a massive Assyrian counterattack. Dr. Gyllenberg discusses key battles, such as the siege of Lachish, and how Hezekiah prepared Jerusalem by fortifying the city and securing its water supply through Hezekiah's Tunnel. Despite the destruction of many Judean cities, Jerusalem survived, and this episode highlights how Judah's resilience shaped its history under Assyrian and later Babylonian threats. - 119:10Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 11: The Return to Zion: Persian and Hellenistic Periods
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg examines the Persian period in the history of Judah, focusing on the return of the Jewish people to the land after the Babylonian exile. He explores key events, such as the rebuilding of the temple under Zerubbabel and the restoration of Jerusalem’s walls under Nehemiah. Dr.Gyllenberg also delves into the geographic and political landscape of the region, highlighting the tensions between Judah and neighboring groups like the Samaritans. This episode sets the stage for understanding how Judah navigated its identity and survival under Persian rule. - 1211:15Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 12: The Geography of the Hasmoneans and the Herodians
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg discusses the rise of the Hasmonean Dynasty and the political changes that occurred after Alexander the Great's conquest of the Persian Empire. He explores how the Southern Levant came under Greek rule, first by the Ptolemies and later by the Seleucids, leading to the Maccabean Revolt. Dr. Gyllenberg also delves into the expansion of the Hasmonean Kingdom, highlighting the territorial gains in the Galilee and Transjordan. The episode concludes with the rise of Herod the Great, supported by Rome, and the significant architectural and political impact of Herod’s reign on the region. - 1310:23Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 13: The Geography of the Gospels
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg explores the political division of the land following the death of Herod the Great, focusing on the territories that were passed on to Herod's sons. He explains the roles of Herod Archelaus, who ruled over Judea, Samaria, and parts of the coastal plain; Herod Antipas, who governed Galilee and Perea; and Philip, who controlled the northeastern regions. Dr. Gyllenberg also examines key locations in the Galilee mentioned in the Gospels, including Capernaum, Nazareth, and Magdala, linking them to Jesus' ministry. The episode concludes with a preview of the next discussion, which will focus on Jerusalem and the days leading up to the crucifixion. - 149:20Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg
Lesson 14: The Geography of Yeshua in Jerusalem
In this episode, Dr. Sheila Gyllenberg concludes the course on biblical geography by examining key locations associated with the ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus in Jerusalem. He explores the historical reliability of traditional holy sites, tracing their origins from Byzantine times to modern pilgrimages. Dr. Gyllenberg discusses the significance of locations such as the Mount of Olives, Gethsemane, and Golgotha, as well as the archaeological findings at the Pools of Bethesda and Siloam. The episode provides a thoughtful analysis of how both tradition and archaeology contribute to our understanding of Jerusalem in the time of Jesus.
